지리산권의 合米城·할미城 성곽설화와 마고할미

초록

The prevalence of Hammiseong and Halmiseong Fortresses in the Jirisan Area is a result of the humanistic and geographical characters of the region that, in turn, is derived from the unique natural environment and the historical-cultural context of the Jiri Mountain. The area around Jiri Mountain is characterized by a combination of mountainous regions with wide fields forming in the valley areas, which resulted in the emergence of a group of economically prosperous plutocrats (富豪). The historical-cultural context of the region is characterized by the construction of multiple fortresses along the border of Baekje and Silla at Unbong Peak, the emergence of aristocratic intellectuals (門閥之族) based in Namwon, and the resulting intellectual prowess of the region well into the Joseon period. Namwon also served as the formative basis of classical novels in late Joseon’s folk culture revival. Hammiseong and Halmiseong Fortresses in the Jirisan Area were included in the 48 administrative regions of the Namwon area and are related to prominent families of the region. Mountainous fortresses constructed in the Three Kingdoms period were utilized by the emergence of regional aristocrats and warlords during the late Silla and early Goryeo periods. They were subsequently repurposed as the Hammiseong Fortresses, which were mountain fortresses that served as storage areas for grains collected from tenant farmers under the control of the regional aristocrats in the Goryeo period. These major families in the Jirisan Area required the backing of female labor to sustain the control of their regional economy and social mobility through national examinations and thus created images of strong womanhood. The growth of folk consciousness in the late Joseon period created a fertile environment for the expansion of mythologies, legends, and folklore, which manifested itself as Halmi mythology in the Jirisan Area. The Confucian ideal of womanhood, based on the patriarchal preference of males (男兒選好), the elevation of males over females (男尊女卑), and the three obedience for women (三從之道), created a period of virtuous women and wives who were saddled with numerous responsibilities for family life and sustenance. Thus, the creation of mythologies in the Hammiseong and the Halmiseong fortresses can be said to be reflections of Jirisan Area’s regional aristocrats flaunting and maintaining their status as holders of regional power.

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