Phytochemical profiling and anti-inflammatory activity of Tetragonia tetragonoides in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated keratinocytes

초록

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by immune dysregulation and impaired barrier function. This study aimed to perform phytochemical profiling of Tetragonia tetragonoides leaf extract (TTL) using LC–MS/MS and HPLC/PDA-based quantification, and to evaluate its anti-inflammatory potential in keratinocytes. Untargeted LC–MS/MS analysis tentatively identified 13 metabolites. HPLC/PDA analysis confirmed and quantified five major constituents using authentic standards, including caffeic acid (1), ferulic acid (2), rutin (3), n-trans-feruloyltyramine (4), and ferulic acid methyl ester (5). Among them, rutin (3) was identified as the predominant compound in TTL. In TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes, the TTL extract exhibited no cytotoxicity and significantly attenuated inflammatory responses, as evidenced by reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory chemokines, including IL-8 and MCP-1. Gene expression analysis further demonstrated that TTL extract broadly suppressed inflammation-related mediators involved in AD pathogenesis. These findings suggest that TTL extract represents a promising natural anti-inflammatory agent with potential applicability in the management of AD.

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