도시밀도가 교통사고에 미치는 영향 분석

초록

This study addresses the conflicting arguments and analytical limitations found in previous research regarding the relationship between urban density and traffic accidents. Earlier studies primarily focused on population density, neglecting the multidimensional aspects of urban density and their varied effects. Grounded in the compact city framework, this study categorizes urban density into five dimensions: population density, employment density, business establishment density, weekday resident population density, and weekend resident population density. It empirically examines their effects on traffic accident occurrences across 226 municipalities in Korea using negative binomial regression. The results indicate that employment density is positively associated with traffic accidents, while business establishment density has a mitigating effect. Resident population density shows temporal variation: on weekdays, regular commuting and increased public transportation use reduce minor accidents, whereas on weekends, irregular and leisure-oriented travel increases them. Socioeconomic factors such as fiscal independence, the proportion of commercial land, and the number of foreign residents positively predict traffic accidents, while gross regional domestic product (GRDP), employment rates, and the aging index correlate with reductions in accidents. These findings highlight the limitations of relying solely on population density as an explanatory factor, emphasizing that different dimensions of urban density exert contrasting influences on traffic safety. The study suggests that compact city planning should incorporate a multidimensional understanding of density and consider region-specific conditions and vulnerable groups when formulating tailored transportation safety policies.

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