시조에 동반 출현하는 새의 수용 양상과 의미 연구 ― 까마귀와의 동반 출현을 중심으로 ―

초록

Sijo often takes its subject matter from the natural environment or living creatures, among other things that are closely related to our daily lives. This study focuses in particular on the crow, which has been associated with a special significance for people since ancient times due to its ability to fly, and examines the perception and meaning of the crow as well as five other birds that appear in the sijo along with the crow at least twice. First, we examined how the five bird types that appeared with crows were accepted in the sijo. We found that the combination of crows and magpies appeared most frequently, in five instances, followed by cranes, in four instances. Egrets appeared three times, whereas seagulls and herons each appeared twice. In addition, the acceptance patterns of each type were summarized based on the location where each type was accepted in the sijo (cho, middle, and jongjang) and the form of the notation. Next, we examined the symbolic meaning of the combinations of the five types of birds in the sijo through an analysis of the works. First, in the “crow + magpie” type, all works were in the form of “Ojakgyo” in the story of Gyeonwoo and Jiknyeo, embodying the sadness of separation between men and women. In the second category, the type of “crow + crane," the crow symbolizes a powerful minister who abuses his authority, while the crane symbolizes a noble scholar, creating a meaningful contrast between the two. In another work, the crow is accepted in the form of a “Banpojo,” representing a filial son, while the crane represents an elderly parent in the form of “crane hair,” symbolizing the relationship between parents and children. Third, in the first work of the “crow + egret” type, the crow signified a confused Royal Court, contrasting with the egret, which referred to a pure poet’s younger brother. In the second work, the crow referred to a black bird on the outside but a white bird on the inside, meaning that the founding contributors, including the poet himself, and the egret symbolically revealed Goryeo’s loyal subject, a white bird on the outside but a black bird on the inside. The fourth category, “crow + gull,” focused on the colors of the two birds, with the crow representing negative aspects in black and the gull representing positive aspects in white. Lastly, in the fifth category, “crow + heron,” both the crow and the heron were incorporated into the works based on the colors of their black and white feathers. However, unlike the earlier “crow + gull” type, the colors were used as a symbolic material to reveal the unique characteristics of each color, whether black or white, rather than representing positive or negative attributes. This study faces several limitations, which will be supplemented by follow-up studies.

키워드