소방시설 자체점검 제도의 구조적 위험 요소 진단과 AI·IoT 기반 대안에 관한 탐색적 연구 - 2급 공동주택 세대 점검·3급 특정소방대상물 관계인 직접 점검을 중심으로

초록

This study focuses on the newly introduced and expanded systems of class 2 inspections of multi-family housing units and class 3 stakeholder-led direct inspections of designated fire safety facilities, following the full revision of the Fire-Fighting Facilities Installation and Management Act promulgated on November 30, 2021, and enforced from December 1, 2022. The purpose is to diagnostically explore structural risk factors inherent in the current system and to examine the applicability and limitations of AI- and IoT-based alternatives. Given the constraints in securing complete raw datasets, the study is designed as an exploratory study centered on descriptive review of publicly available administrative data and domestic and international technical literature. Literature review and analysis reveal that class 2 inspections of multi-family housing units face an institutional dilemma between privacy protection and enforcement of inspection obligations, while class 3 stakeholder-led inspections of designated facilities are situated in an asymmetric structure: despite Annex 4 of the Enforcement Rules requiring deployment in units of three, the obligation to report deployment rests solely with management contractors, leaving no administrative mechanism to verify compliance either before or after inspections. Based on these diagnoses, the study proposes hypothetical alternatives: IoT-based remote monitoring systems for class 2 housing units and AI-powered self-inspection applications for class 3 facilities. However, it explicitly acknowledges technical limitations: IoT can monitor detector circuits but cannot substitute for physical functional testing, and AI apps are confined to preliminary screening based on external appearance. Notably, Annex 3, Article 6(b) of the Enforcement Rules already permits remote inspection of receivers when special detectors are installed, and Article 9 of the Notice on Self-Inspection Items of Fire-Fighting Facilities provides exemption from comprehensive inspections for exemplary safety-managed facilities. These provisions suggest that the study’s proposals may follow a path of incremental expansion rather than requiring wholesale legislative reform. Based on cost estimates derived from publicly available data, the baseline scenario shows negative NPV across all scales, indicating limited economic viability under the current assumptions. However, sensitivity analysis reveals that initial construction costs and labor cost reduction rates are relatively influential variables on NPV. The positive NPV observed in medium- and large-scale complexes under the optimistic scenario should not be interpreted as proof of feasibility, but rather as a conditional hypothesis that requires validation through subsequent empirical studies. The study concludes that AI- and IoT-based alternatives should be interpreted not as substitutes for the existing system, but as transitional supplementary models contingent upon empirical data accumulation and refinement of the system.

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