아돌프 아피아의 조명연출 이론 연구 - 오페라 오르페우스와 에우리디체를 실례로 -

초록

This study aims at investigating the lighting effect theories of Adolphe Appia (1862-1928), a pioneering figure who expanded the scope and function of stage lighting, evolving it from its optical functions of ‘illuminating the stage’ and ‘making things visible’ to an independent element with its own conceptual and symbolic significance within the history of performing arts, especially since the 19th century. Appia departed from the traditional two-dimensional stage associated with realism and naturalism, typically realized through conventional stage sets. Instead, he introduced innovative architectural elements within the theatrical space, fundamentally transforming the stage into a three-dimensional environment. In this dynamic setting, actors and their physical presence engaged with the three-dimensional structures, giving rise to a ‘vibrant space’ marked by the interplay of contrast and harmony. To augment this immersive environment, lighting played a pivotal role by introducing adaptability and versatility regarding illumination levels, shadows, diffusion, and concentration. This adaptability allowed the lighting to evolve, ultimately contributing to the generation of ‘dynamic lighting’ that harmonized with both the actors and the three-dimensional stage elements. Appia believed that the lighting created such mise-en-scène, which give rise to new situations, environments, meanings, and implications. He attributed meaning according to changes in form. As a result, the use of this lighting goes beyond the traditional format of conveying drama through dialogue, actors’ performances, non-verbal actions, and music, allowing for autonomous interpretation through the personal experiences and thoughts of the audience, thereby providing them with opportunities for emotional resonance and contemplation. Appia’s innovative endeavors have bestowed symbolism, emphasis, and artistic qualities upon light, and to this day, it remains a conduit for contemporary aesthetic and poetic expressions. This study on Appia’s lighting effect theories is expected to contribute to our understanding of the artistic function of light and its interpretive significance within the context of performances, thereby giving it meaning and relevance.

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