Fruit and salt consumption are related to the risk of gastric cancer incidence in Asian populations: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies

초록

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer and one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite a substantial body of research exploring individual food groups or dietary patterns in isolation, few studies have assessed the overall strength of the association between multiple dietary factors and gastric cancer risk. This meta-analysis aimed to identify the associations between dietary factors and gastric cancer risk in the Asian population. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases were systematically searched up to December 31, 2022. Hazard ratios (HRs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to calculate pooled risk estimates, while Cochran's Q and I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity. Funnel plot and Egger's tests were used to estimate publication bias. Through stepwise screening, 30 cohort studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this review. It indicated that a high total fruit consumption may reduce gastric cancer risk by 11% (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.96), whereas a high salt consumption potentially increases it by 97% (HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.34-2.90) in the Asian population. However, no associations of the other 21 food groups and two dietary patterns (healthy and unhealthy dietary patterns) with gastric cancer risk were found. Overall, the present review demonstrates that high fruit and low salt consumption may effectively prevent gastric cancer incidence in the Asian population. Further cohort studies based on the Asian population are required to confirm the association of fish, meat, coffee consumption, and dietary pattern with gastric cancer risk. © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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