중국 항만관리체제 개혁과 항만효율성 변화에 대한 연구

초록

Purpose : The main China has experienced a faster economic growth since the government announced the Open Policy. This paper estimates relative efficiency of eight major ports in China in 1998 to 2014 and compares efficiencies between before and after the port governance reform in 2001. Research design, data, methodology : T o this end, this paper uses d ata envelopment analysis (DEA) for relative efficiency of each year and calculates Malmquist Productivity Index to observe changes in efficiency of the eight ports. Efficiency scores of the eight Chinese ports are compared between 1998-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2009, and 2010-2014 using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results : It is shown that there are generally decreasing trends in efficiency scores from 1998 to 2008 and recovering movement afterwards. The ANOVA results suggest that the efficiency scores after the port reform are significantly lower than those before the port reform in 2001. Conclusion : These results contrast the general agreements in the existing literature which supports higher performance in ports with more private involvement and devolution in port governance. Possible explanations are: there has been inefficiency in port infrastructure investment due to competition among local governments in China; and the effects of port reform may be realised in the long-term.

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