정부 재정지원과 규제의 관점에서 본 미국 중등 사학 실태 분석 및 시사점

초록

This study seeks to analyze the historical process and current conditions of secondary private schools in the United States from the contrasting viewpoint of governmental financial support and regulations. To achieve these research goals, we reviewed documents and statistics to analyze the institutionalization process of U.S. secondary private schools, the grounds for government regulations on private schools, and government funding realities and controversies. The analysis showed that U.S. private schools were established generally by religious bodies to realize their educational philosophy and ideas, and account for only 11% of entire school education. Based on the idea of separation of church and state, government funding for private schools is prohibited in principle, so the direct financial support for private schools is forbidden. Instead, to protect and benefit students who attend private schools, the financial support is provided directly to the students with its purpose and objectives explicitly specified. On the other hand, the government regulation on private schools is very limitedly exercised on the basis of the Federal Supreme Court’s precedents. As a result, private schools have enjoyed considerable freedom from government intervention and have maintained distinctive characteristics in terms of educational content and method. Based on the findings, we draw some implications for the fiscal policy and improvement priorities targeting private secondary schools in Korea.

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