양육수당 수급이 여성의 노동시장 참여에 미치는 영향: 돌봄의 여성화와 계층화 효과에 대한 실증

초록

This study longitudinally analyzes the impact of Child Home Care Allowance (CHCA) receipt on married women’s labor market participation and examines how these effects vary across socioeconomic status. Drawing on eleven waves (20132023) of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), we estimated multilevel logistic regression models that accounted for both within-person temporal dynamics and between-person heterogeneity. The results indicated that married women who received the allowance, whether on a temporary or long-term basis, were significantly less likely to participate in the labor market. These negative effects differed by socioeconomic status. Higher household income or educational attainment was associated with a reduced likelihood of labor market withdrawal. In other words, while the allowance facilitated the reconciliation of care and employment among higher-status groups, it tended to reinforce exclusive caregiving roles and labor market exit among lower-status groups. Based on these findings, the study proposed institutional measures to ensure a better balance between parenting and employment and to promote a childcare system grounded in gender justice.

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