코로나19와 바이오헬스 산업 변화에 대한 실증 분석

초록

This study empirically examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as an exogenous shock on regional industrial structure and changes in employment shares in the Korean biohealth industry over the period 2013 –2023. To capture pre-pandemic regional industrial characteristics, location quotients(LQ) and dynamic shift-share analysis are employed as key measures. Difference-in-differences (DID), period-specific DID, and triple difference-in-differences (DDD) models are then applied to assess the impact of pre-existing structural indicators on changes in employment shares in the biohealth industry before and after COVID-19. The results indicate that the spatial specialization structure of the biohealth industry was largely maintained during the COVID-19 shock, particularly in regions with higher pre-existing specialization and stronger dynamic regional competitive effects. Both the difference-in-differences (DID) analysis and the period-specific DID model show that regions with accumulated regional competitive effects prior to the pandemic exhibited relatively stable changes in the employment share of the biohealth industry after COVID-19. In contrast, the DDD analysis reveals that, in the capital region, employment share changes were more strongly influenced by industrial scale and specialization levels than by regional competitive effects, suggesting differences in shock response mechanisms between capital and non-capital regions. These findings suggest that the performance of the biohealth industry should not be evaluated solely based on short-term employment growth or scale indicators. Rather, greater attention should be given to the qualitative characteristics of regional industrial structures and competitive capacities formed prior to external shocks, highlighting the academic importance of a structural perspective in assessing post-crisis industrial outcomes.

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