플랫폼 정당의 현황과 플랫폼 정당의 한계: 스페인 포데모스와 이탈리아의 오성운동 사례를 중심으로

초록

The Spanish party Podemos and the Italian Five Star Movement(M5S) emerged to promote citizen participation in more diverse ways than traditional political parties did in the past, to criticize established politics, and to appeal to socially and economically marginalized groups using digital media technologies. This paper focuses on the utilization of online platform that served as the catalyist in the early days of platform parties through the cases of Podemos and the Five Star Movement. The claim that using the Internet and digital technologies can further develop democracy is not a discourse that first emerged in the era of digital capitalism. Therefore, this paper looks at the discourse on e-democracy that emerged with the development of computer technology in the early 1990s before the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and then examines what functional changes and differences there were until the late 2000s when platform parties emerged. In particular, given the fact that approval ratings were high among the younger generation, it seems that the use of online platforms by the two parties played an important role in securing support. However, it is concluded that although citizen participation was expanded based on the high accessibility to the online space, the actual operation of the online platform did not produce results that reflect the horizontal process. After all, in order for platform parties to horizontally apply digital technology to the actual political process in the future and not rely only on the support of a specific group accustomed to online use, structural changes are needed in the platforms they operate.

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