집단책임문화가 군조직의 효율성에 미치는 영향

초록

Severalfactors are involved in determining the locus and the degree of responsibilityforanincident.Comprehendingthesefactorsmayhelpenhance militaryorganization’sefficiency. In this study,responsibility was subdivided into personaland collective responsibilityandintocausalandsanctionresponsibility.Also,itwasexamined how twotypesofnegativeevents,crimeandaccident,exerciseinfluenceson determiningcausalandsanctionresponsibility.Finally,effectsofholdingaperson responsibleonthepersonandhis/hercolleaguesinmiliaryorganizationwere studied. Study 1concernedonecrimeandoneaccidentwhich occurredin military settings. Theserealstoriesweregiventocollegestudentsinaquestionnaireand thestudentsratedhow justthepenaltywasforeachoftheinvolvedpersons.In Study2,collegestudentsreadtwoscenariossimilartoStudy1stories.They thenestimatedwhoandhow muchhe/shewasresponsibleforthatincidentand ratedtheeffectsofholdingapersonresponsibleonthepersonandhis/hermiliary organization. Study1foundthatthepenaltiesgiventocommandingofficerswithvarious statuswereseenoverallaslessjustthanthosegiventothepersondirectly involvedintheaffair.Also,thosepenaltiesassignedtothecommandingofficers wereratedlessefficient.Study2foundthatsanctionresponsibilitywererated largerthancausalresponsibleforthegivenincidentsandreplicatedStudy1in efficiencybroughtbypunishment.Thesefindingssuggestthatcaresarerequired inassigningpenaltiestocommandingofficersforincidents.

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