고구려 비의 선후 관계에 대한 검토

초록

Three Goguryeo steles exist: the King Gwanggaeto Stele, Chungju Goguryeo Monument, and Jian Goguryeo Monument. However, the date of construction is still debated. Regarding the Chungju Goguryeo Monument, a new interpretation was published in 2019 that read “永樂七年歲在丁酉” in the upper front part of the stele, raising the possibility that the content was from 397 CE during the reign of King Gwanggaeto. Acknowledging this possibility, this study examines the chronological relationship among the Chungju Goguryeo Monument, King Gwanggaeto Stele, and Jian Goguryeo Monument. Attempts have been made to determine the erection order of the three steles based on their shapes and fonts; however, since shapes and fonts can be chosen based on taste, intention, or purpose, we cannot position each within the process of “development” or “evolution.” On King Gwanggaeto’s Stele, the time of burial (遷就山陵) is recorded as the year 甲寅 (414 CE); thus, it is thought to have been erected between 414 CE and 415 CE. Although the Chungju Goguryeo Monument shows a contact between Goguryeo and Silla and the stationing of Goguryeo troops in Silla’s territory, we cannot find the large-scale “southern conquest” of 400 CE recorded on King Gwanggaeto’s Stele on the monument; thus, it can be estimated that it was built between 398 CE and 400 CE. However, the Jian Goguryeo Monument has an order to record the tomb keepers’ names on the stele and prohibit the buying and selling of the tomb keepers, which is consistent with King Gwanggaeto’s Stele; however, there is no order to entrust the tomb-keeping service to 韓穢 people whom King Gwanggaeto had captured. The latter order was likely issued after 396 CE, and it is assumed that the Jian Goguryeo Monument was erected before the order was issued, perhaps not long after the funeral of the former king. Accordingly, it can be concluded that among the three steles, the Jian Gouguryeo Monument was erected first, followed by the Chungju Goguryeo Monument and King Gwanggaeto’s Stele. It is noteworthy that the two contents of King Gwanggaeto’s Stele, which emphasized as unprecedented feats of King Gwanggaeto by using his “full name,” were respectively recorded on the two previous monuments: the Jian Goguryeo and Chungju Goguryeo Monuments.

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