계급 재생산을 위한 문학 —발리바르와 마슈레의 ｢이데올로기 형체로서의 문학에 대하여｣

초록

Marxism as a critique of capitalism is urgently in need today when capitalism has reached its highest stage on a global scale, even though or just because historical Marxism has declined throughout the globe. Likewise, Marxist literary criticism is in need for a proper critique of bourgeois literature that functions to reproduce the ruling class ideology for the reproduction of the current capitalist social system. This essay aims at, first of all, demystifying literary fetishism and then constructing a proper Marxist literary criticism for the critique of capitalist ideological reproduction system in literature. For this, this essay recalls Étienne Balibar and Pierre Macherey’s coauthored “On Literature as an Ideological Form,” almost a bypassed literary theory even among Marxist literary theoreticians. This essay reads Balibar and Macherey’s literary theory in the trail of Louis Althusser’s “Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses” and argues that literature is an ideological state apparatus for the reproduction of the class division and reproduction in society. With an expository reviewing Balibar and Macherey’s article in the tradition of philosophy and Marxist literary theory, this essay argues that the imminent task of Marxist literary critics should be to disclose the ideological function of literature in the class struggle for the ruling class rather than hastily reading absences or subversions in literature. The capitalist ruling system does not go away with Marxist critics’ historical optimism in reading literary texts; the urgent task should be to demystify the ideological function of literature in the capitalist society.

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