러시아어 반수동(antipassive) 구문에 대한 소고(小考): -SJA 동사를 중심으로

초록

This research explores the characteristics of antipassive constructions in Russian. Antipassivization is a process of detransitivization of transitive verbs in Russian. From a typological perspective, Russian, being a NOM‐ACC language, has an antipassive form of ʺabsolute transitiveʺ, ʺobject‐suppressiveʺ, and ʺde‐objective,ʺ which all mainly represent the phenomenon that an accusative direct object is usually omitted in antipassive constructions. This paper applies two kinds of methodological approaches to the analysis on the Russian antipassives: Synecdochism, or metonymic expression, is used for ʺСобака кусает любого > собака кусается.ʺ Moreover, the features of affectedness & individuatedness, which are all closely related to transitivity: VerbTRANS + ObjectPATIENT/THEME. Antipassives in Russian represent the features of [+affected] and [－individuated] in comparison to the accusative object of transitive verbs. Postfix –SJA is employed to mark an antipassive morpheme, serving as a various marker of passive, anticausative, and middle voice. For this reason, the postfix – SJA is considered to be syncretic for many meanings. From a pragmatic point of view, the Russian antipassives are used for colloquial contexts rather than for literary ones. In the case of the definite, expectable contexts, antipassive constructions are usually utilized by substituting the postfix –SJA for a direct object‐nounACC.

키워드