플라톤의 『국가』와 니체의 교양의 나라: 파이데이아를 중심으로

초록

This paper starts from Werner Jaeger’s position that the issue of paideia has existed in any era so far. Greek philosophy has the power that is rooted in the form of art and thought. As Plato defined the theory of Idea, imitation, and education in the dialectic of the Republic, Greek art and metaphysics were developed into problems of literature and philosophy. Culture discretionarily appears in the words of philosophical form, idea, culture, pattern, and educational bildungs. The argument that the meaning of paideia is found as the first trace in Greek thought was meaningful. We must understand paideia from the classics to distinguish ancient society, civilization, art, metaphysics, and philosophy. This became possible because Plato abandoned the poet from nation. The expulsion of the poet was a serious problem for scholars studying literature. Philosophy has excluded literature by metaphysics interpreting Greek civilization, art, history and tragedy without having paideia. The Greek poet’s interpretation and commentary on the freedom, beauty, excellence, and arete of Greek art were born by Plato in a new liberal and educational sense at that moment. Nietzsche criticized Plato’s philosophy, paideia, Idea and imitation, establishing new and various possibilities of academic metaphysics. We believe that paideia is absent in liberal arts today. Consequently, metaphysics is related to the life and knowledge of person, individual and class in paideia. Nietzsche’s Thus Spoke Zarathustra criticizes Plato’s philosophy and tries to understand metaphysics as a academics in the Land of Culture.

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