한국인의 공정성 인식에 관한 척도 개발

초록

This study aimed to develop three types of scales to measure fairness judgment criteria, perceived fairness, and causes of inequality among Korean adults. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis was conducted using data collected from 200 Korean adults (50 men, 150 women) based on items derived from prior research. The results identified three factors for fairness judgment criteria (equity principle, equality–need principle, and fair opportunity and evaluation), comprising 20 items. For perceived fairness, two factors (perceived fairness and perceived unfairness) with 20 items were identified. For causes of inequality, two factors (social causes and individual causes) with 14 items were extracted. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using data from 174 Korean adults (39 men, 135 women), and the results indicated that the three scales demonstrated an acceptable level of model fit across multiple fit indices. Additionally, analyses based on a combined sample of 357 Korean adults (101 men, 253 women, 3 non-responses) showed that the three scales achieved both convergent and incremental validity. The implications of these findings were discussed in relation to previous research and from a Korean cultural perspective, and the limitations of the study as well as directions for future research were also presented.

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