Antibiofilm potential of naringenin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli on food-processing surfaces

초록

Biofilms formed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli on seafood and processing surfaces pose serious food safety risks. This study evaluates naringenin, a citrus-derived flavonoid, for its antibiofilm potential against both pathogens on biotic (shrimp) and abiotic surfaces (stainless steel, aluminum, silicone rubber, and polyethylene terephthalate). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of naringenin were 64 μg/mL for P. aeruginosa and 128 μg/mL for E. coli. Naringenin significantly reduced 24- and 72-h biofilms in a dose-dependent manner, with complete removal at 4MIC. Mechanistic studies revealed inhibition of initial adhesion, suppressed adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disruption of cellular respiration (via TTC assay). Protein leakage, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed membrane disruption and downregulation of biofilm-related genes (algU, rhlR, exoS, rpoS, csgA, and luxS). Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) further validated biofilm disruption. In conclusion, naringenin demonstrates strong multi-targeted antibiofilm activity and holds promise as a natural intervention for improving seafood hygiene and surface sanitation.

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