Антиутопия Е. Замятина: Проблема интертекста (сравнительный анализ с романами О. Хаксли и Дж. Оруэлла)

초록

The novel 『We』 written in 1921 by E. Zamiatin is renowned as the first work of the Anti-Utopian Genre in the history of literature. The emergence of this genre, possibly one of the Fantasy Genre, was significantly influenced by G. Welles, whose works had exhibited a variety of novelty and creative styles to E. Zamiatin. As a matter of fact, E. Zamiatin, from the very beginning of his creative writing, had a great interest for the tradition of British Utopian Literature continued from T. More to G. Welles. The characteristics of E. Zamiatin as a writer are conspicuous in lots of his writings such as his short stories, novel, and essays. Other well-known works such as 『1984』 by G. Orwell and 『Brave New World』 by A. Huxley have achieved worldwide reputation and could be compared to E. Zamiatin’s Anti-Utopian work. These writers, however, could not deny E. Zamiatin’s considerable influence on their writing in that they had already read the work 『We』 written in 1921 and moreover had published articles on it in some journals. Although the majority of literary critics consider E. Zamiatin’s work a political satire on Soviet Totalitarianism, his novel 『We』 can be regarded as a pure satirical literature far beyond political satirical literature in that it conveys a warning message not only to the Soviet society, but also to all mankind in the future. Furthermore, E. Zamiatin’s novel 『We』 gains the possibility of being a philosophical novel in the sense that it portrays the process of a hero, D-503, struggling to find his lost ego. In this respect, E. Zamiatin’s novel 『We』 deserves to be rated higher in literary merit than the other works by G. Orwell or A. Huxley.

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