韓·中母語話者における日本語文体形式の使用実態とその特徴

초록

This paper presents a comparative analysis of stylistic forms―polite and plain styles and their associated sentence-final and conjunctive particles―in formal discourse by Korean and Chinese learners of Japanese. Using native Japanese speaker data as a benchmark, it measures the deviation of learner usage from the norm. Korean speakers used polite forms more frequently, while Chinese speakers overused both polite and plain forms. For sentence-final particles, Korean speakers showed earlier acquisition, whereas Chinese speakers underused them in polite forms but overused them in plain forms. Regarding conjunctive particles, advanced Korean speakers approximated native usage in polite forms but tended to avoid them in plain forms. Chinese speakers exhibited severely limited use across all proficiency levels and styles. From these patterns, distinct acquisition strategies were identified. Korean speakers employ a Politeness Simplification Strategy, using formulaic chunks such as ‘plain form + n-desu (polite)’ and ‘plain form + n-desu + particle’ to avoid complex -masu conjugations. Chinese speakers adopt a Conjunctive Particle Avoidance Strategy due to the lack of corresponding grammatical forms in Chinese, leading to significant difficulty in acquisition. This avoidance results in compensatory overuse of sentence-final polite and plain forms.

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