금석문과 목간에 나타난 岑喙部(漸梁部)의 표기에 대한 검토 - 신라에 ‘모량부’는 있었을까? -

초록

It has generally been understood that the name Moryang-bu(牟梁部) continued uninterrupted from the Silla period to the present, based on the fact that the place name Moryang(毛良) has survived until today. However, Moryang(毛良), a notation widely used since the Joseon period, although identical in Sino-Korean pronunciation to 牟梁, differs from the sound originally intended by the latter notation. It is well known that the character 梁 corresponded to 喙 found in Silla-period materials and was employed to represent sounds of the tak, tɔk, or tɔl series. By contrast, 良 cannot be associated with such phonetic values, indicating that the original intention of the notation had already been forgotten and that later reinterpretations were based solely on the homophonic relationship of the written characters. Such discontinuities in notation may not have been limited to the substitution of 梁 with 良. In the Samguk sagi and Samguk yusa, the names 漸梁部 and 牟梁部 appear together as referring to the same administrative division, even though 漸(Jeom) and 牟(Mo) differ entirely both in pronunciation and semantic value. The form 岑喙(Jamtak), attested in the Uljin Bongpyeong-ri Silla Stele and the inscription of the rock-carved Buddhist images at Sinseonsa on Danseoksan Mountain in Gyeongju, corresponds to 漸梁, but represents a sound distinct from 牟梁. Moreover, the character previously interpreted as 牟 in the form 牟喙 in the Second Namsansinseong Stele and Wooden Tablet No. 9 from the Wolseong moat has the form of 十 beneath 厶 and lacks one horizontal stroke compared to the standard form of 牟. Such a form is difficult to identify among known variant forms of 牟. Even if regarded as a simplified graph, there is no compelling reason to assume that it is necessarily a simplification of 牟. Since the context clearly indicates that 喙 corresponds to 岑喙, interpreting as a simplified form of 岑 removes the anomalous 牟 and restores a natural phonetic continuity from 岑 to 漸. Meanwhile, in the Pohang Jungseong-ri Silla Stele, the expression 牟旦伐喙 contains an unmistakable 牟 character, and many scholars have identified it with 牟梁部. However, the inscription itself does not provide a sufficiently firm context that necessitates interpreting 牟旦伐喙 as 牟梁部, and there have long existed numerous views rejecting such an identification. Ultimately, it is possible that 牟 resulted from a mistaken transcription based on graphic similarity after the memory of the variant notation for 岑 had been lost. The transformation of the designation from 岑喙 to 毛良 thus illustrates a process in which the transmission of the name of the same place underwent discontinuities and reinterpretations over time.

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