다중언어 사용자와 단일언어주의 기반의 평가활동에 관한 비판적 이해

초록

The purpose of this paper is to critically understand multilingual users and monolingually driven testing practice. The related purpose of this study is to explore alternative practice of testing towards multilingual users. Conventional monolingual approaches are critically evaluated for the target language proficiency of multilingual speakers: proficiency of each language is being independently evaluated as its own cognitive constructs without regard to complementary relationship between different languages. The structuralistic perspectives which put great emphasis on binary opposition (e.g., native vs. nonnative speakers) and absolute knowledge (native standard language and norms of correctness) fail to satisfy heterogeneous contexts of multiple language use and learning, but are rather used to simplify multilingual competencies of multilingual users. Drawing on Derrida's poststructuralistic framework, such as différence and deconstruction, this study argued against monolingual approaches and models of testing, by which multilingual test-takers would not be perceived as legitimate language users and positive social actors, but as everlasting deficient language learners. KINAT (Korea Immigration and Naturaization Aptitude Test) was discussed as an example context. Possible areas of research related to how alternative language testing can reflect on hybrid linguistic resources of multilingual users were also discussed.

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