Plant production systems for recombinant immunotherapeutic proteins

초록

Current cancer treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, and targeted therapy. However, challenges such as recurrence, metastasis, drug side effects, and resistance were still remained. Immunotherapy, particularly antibody therapy, offers new potential in cancer treatment. The biopharmaceutical sector, which includes antibody-based therapeutics, is one of the fastest-growing areas of the pharmaceutical market, with annual sales already exceeding $100 billion. Mammalian cells are commonly used to produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), but plant-based expression systems offer several advantages. Although the capacity to target and manipulate plant-expressed proteins is still in its early stages, the use of leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) shows promising potential. LRRs, which mediate protein-protein interactions, provide binding specificity to variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) antibodies in jawless vertebrates, functioning similarly to immunoglobulin-based antibodies in jawed vertebrates. In the future, VLRs could be used in plants to bind specific proteins or carbohydrates, inhibit their functions, or create chimeric proteins with novel specificities by replacing endogenous LRR domains with those from VLRs. This paper discusses recent advances in plant expression systems for the production of therapeutic recombinant proteins, such as antibodies and vaccines.

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