대니얼 카너먼(Daniel Kahneman)의 이중 과정 이론(Dual Process Theory)을 통한 미술작품 분석

초록

Research on the unconscious in modern art has traditionally relied on psychoanalytic methodology. Psychoanalysts have interpreted the unconscious and repressed desires of artists as being reflected in the symbols and themes of their works. However, such interpretive approaches face several limitations in terms of scientific rigor and falsifiability. In response to these limitations, this study proposes Daniel Kahneman’s Dual Process Theory as a complementary interpretive framework based on cognitive psychology. The theory categorizes human thinking into System 1(intuitive) and System 2(analytical). It provides a structured basis for understanding the processes through which representations are formed and cognitively transformed in artistic creation. This study applies Dual Process Theory as an interpretive framework to selected works by Edvard Munch and Salvador Dalí, who externalized the unconscious in the early 20th century, and Gerhard Richter, who addressed representations of historical memory, employing a qualitative, case-based methodology. Munch transformed representations associated with emotional experiences of familial loss, Dalí deconstructed and recombined representations of childhood sexual impulses using the paranoiac-critical method. Richter deliberately obscured representations of postwar historical memory through his blurring technique. The psychological process of artistic creation is structured into three components: (1) memory structuring and representation formation, (2) intuitive object selection led by System 1, and (3) cognitive evaluation and transformation guided by System 3. This approach expands the methodological scope of art interpretation and provides a basis for future empirical studies on the unconscious in art.

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