미국 패권은 예외적인가?: 아이켄베리의 자유주의 국제질서 이론 비판

초록

This article critically traces the historical evolution of G. John Ikenberry’s liberal internationalism, which has provided arguably the standard explication of American hegemony. Immediately after the end of the Cold War, he acknowledged that the post-World War Ⅱ liberal international order was the product of the Cold War and called for the reconstruction of Western multilateralism and the American national security(or hegemonic) state apparatus. As America’s unipolar moment had been consolidated in the late 1990s, he had displaced his ‘reconstruction’ theory by a liberal triumphalism-American exceptionalism that emphasizes the liberal international order’s unique properties such as economic openness, penetrated reciprocal hegemony, and civic identity. In the 21st century, this exceptionslist version has been contradicted by American unilateralism in the Iraq War, the global financial crisis and great recession, and the rise of Trump’s America First. These challenges have driven Ikenberry to insist upon the resilience of liberal internationalism and to call for the protection of the latter through a transnational anti-Trump coalition.

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