재직자의 평생학습 비참여 영향요인 분석 : 자동화 고위험과 스킬 미스매치, PIAAC 2023 한국 자료 중심으로

초록

This study investigates non-participation in lifelong learning among Korean adult workers, shifting the analytical focus from individual motivation to labor market structural factors. Utilizing data from the OECD Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) 2023, the study analyzed a weighted sample of 4,166 employed adults aged 25-65. The results indicate that non-participation is structurally driven. First, workers in high-automation-risk jobs exhibited a significantly higher probability of non-participation compared to low-risk groups, a barrier further exacerbated by rigid working hour conditions. Second, skill mismatch demonstrated an asymmetric effect: under-skilled workers showed higher participation rates, implying that perceived skill deficits act as an internal driver, whereas over-skilled workers showed no significant difference from the matched group. Third, the study confirmed a Matthew effect, where participants consistently possessed higher foundational competencies (literacy, numeracy, and problem-solving) than non-participants, suggesting that non-participation accelerates cumulative inequality. The study concludes that non-participation is not merely a matter of individual choice but a consequence of structural exclusion characterized by job vulnerability and organizational constraints. Accordingly, policy interventions must transition from general motivation enhancement to targeted structural reforms, including time-off guarantees for high-risk workers and customized support systems for addressing specific skill mismatches.

키워드