한국 시민참여 연구지형의 재구성 : 2000년 이후 KCI 등재 문헌에 대한 분석

초록

This study conducted a systematic literature review to examine the conceptual, measurement, and design foundations of civic engagement research in South Korea since 2000 and to identify gaps emerging as participation increasingly traverses online and offline contexts following the digital transition. Following thePreferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement, National Evidence-based healthcare Collaborating Agency systematic review manual, and PICO-SD criteria, 4,958 records retrieved from the Korean Citation Index were screened, yielding a final corpus of 69 studies. The results showed that civic engagement has been expansively applied across multiple domains—politics and public policy, local governance, social movements, and platform-based participation. However, its definitions and operationalizations have varied substantially across disciplines, constraining cumulative comparison and knowledge building. Quantitative designs predominated (65.2%) and hybrid participation combining online and offline modes was the most frequently examined type (53.6%). Measurements concentrated heavily on perceptions, attitudes, and evaluations (79.7%), whereas evidence on behaviors and experiences (56.5%) and intentions and sustained engagement (17.4%) remained comparatively limited. Studies with an explicit online focus have concentrated largely on technological and platform conditions (75.0%), whereas empirical links between online participation and social capital or community-level outcomes are rare. Hybrid participation can be summarized as a cyclical mechanism of “online entry → coordination and mobilization → offline enactment → online feedback” in which institutional responsiveness emerged as a core enabling condition of the transition loop. Building on these findings, the key research agenda is to reconceptualize civic engagement as a process through which public-sphere conditions and network organization jointly generate social outcomes. This process should be investigated through multidimensional measurement instruments linked to digital citizenship, deliberation, and problem-based learning, along with longitudinal and mixed-methods research designs.

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