재브라질 한인문학의 형성과 성향

초록

The Korean immigration to Brazil, which officially started in 1963, was in the form of agricultural immigration but the Korean immigrants settled down not in rural communities but in urban areas. The Korean immigrants established their homes in the city of Sao Paulo and there the Korean literary circles was established. They started literary works in the general art and literature magazines such as 『Baekjo』, 『Moogoonghwa』 and so on and with the publishment of 『Tropical Culture』 in 1986 they established Korean Literature in earnest. The purpose of 『Tropical Culture』 was to pass down Korean traditional culture as the first-generation Korean immigrants, to instill it into descendants, and to perform the role of the bridge between Korean culture and Brazillian culture. The characteristics of Korean literary works in Brazil as the marginal men of diaspora are expressed through three types as below. First, the most generally expressed characteristic is wandering and yearning for their home due to immigration life. Secondly, self-consciousness and searching for ego identity in the heterogeneous culture was embodied. Third, the consciousness of re-immigration searching for a new life and reverse immigration to Korea or Brazil was expressed. Wandering and yearning for their home were conspicuously revealed especially in the genre of poetry. Nostalgia for their home plays a healing role for Koreans living wearisome days. Consciousness and searching for ego identity which is conspicuously revealed in the genre of an essay are related to the fundamental problem of Koreans’ finding roots. In Korean literary works in Brazil led by the first–generation Korean immigrants, there is hardly any works which try to show any tendency of assimilation in the Brazilian society and culture. In Korean literary works, consciousness of re-immigration and reverse immigration was expressed according to Brazilian political and economic situation. Consciousness of re-immigration and reverse immigration is a kind of a proof that the Korean immigrants in Brazil consider Brazil as not a destination but a temporary place in life.

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