日本語学習者の丁寧体と普通体の習得様相に 関する比較研究 ―韓国語ㆍ中国語ㆍ英語の母語話者を中心に―

초록

In this study, the acquisition patterns of polite and plain language forms in Japanese discourse among Korean, Chinese, and English native speakers were examined, and universal tendencies and language-specific features were analyzed while using native Japanese speakers’data as a baseline. The findings follow: (1)all learner groups showed a stronger association between polite forms and verbal predicates and between plain forms and nominal predicates followed by verbal predicates, with significantly higher usage rates of plain forms in verbal predicates compared to those of native Japanese speakers; (2)Korean speakers used significantly more polite forms, likely due to Korean-Japanese linguistic similarities and sociolinguistic norms; (3)Chinese speakers displayed a unique preference for plain forms in verbal predicates, supporting Lee and Zhang’s(2017) finding that they strategically used plain forms to connect clauses while switching to polite forms at discourse boundaries; and (4)English speakers exhibited a distinct association between plain forms and adjectival predicates, suggesting that their tendency to use plain forms for direct emotional expression aligns with English pragmatic conventions.

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