핵연료 모라토리엄의 정치경제: 포드 행정부의 핵연료정책 재검토, 1974-75

초록

On July 1974, the United States suspended the signing of nuclear fuel supply contract. This event, so-called ‘Nuclear Fuel Moratorium’, meant the collapse of the very foundation of nonproliferation regime – America’s provision of nuclear fuel supply, and the eroding of American control of nuclear fuel market. Nuclear fuel market structure was rapidly transformed. The Soviets and Europe emerged as U.S. competitor. Furthermore, French and West German tried to make inroads into foreign market proposing transfer of nuclear fuel cycle technology. U.S. leverage, both in terms of market and technology, was quickly diminished. Faced with this crisis, the Ford administration reviewed their nuclear fuel policy through National Security Study Memorandum(NSSM) 209. The review focused on how much commitments the United States, under the duress of economic crisis, had to make for nonproliferation regime. Fiscal Conservatism, led by Office of Management and Budget(OMB), had deep faith in austerity budget and had argued that nuclear fuel business should be privatized. (Nonproliferation) Internationalism, led by the Department of State, had countered that the U.S. Government should take full responsibility of reliable nuclear fuel supplier.

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