Rapid and selective electrochemical detection of oxcarbazepine via microcracked molecularly imprinted polymer architectures

초록

Reliable electrochemical monitoring of oxcarbazepine (OXC) remains challenging because its direct redox response typically occurs at high overpotentials, where side reactions reduce signal reproducibility. Herein, a recognition-based electrochemical sensor is presented using a three-dimensional microcracked molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) that provides an interconnected porous architecture, which enhances OXC access to the imprinted recognition sites and thereby improves sensitivity and response kinetics. A pyrrole (Py)–1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole (APPy) copolymer MIP was electropolymerized in the presence of OXC to create OXC-complementary recognition sites. To fabricate the interconnected MIP (I-MIP), a BiOI nanosheet layer was electrodeposited on FTO as a sacrificial scaffold and was subsequently removed after electropolymerization of the MIP film. Differential pulse voltammetry using a ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox probe showed a linear response to OXC from 1 to 150 nM in phosphate-buffered saline, with a limit of detection of 0.62 nM and a limit of quantification of 1.87 nM. The fabricated sensor maintained reliable sensing performance in diluted human plasma with an LOD of 3.08 nM and an LOQ of 9.34 nM and exhibited excellent selectivity against potentially interfering antiepileptic drugs. Furthermore, the I-MIP demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility and its potential for practical therapeutic drug monitoring of OXC.

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