사급거래 수익인식: 총액법 vs 순액법

초록

The case of audit of Autovis Co., Ltd. in this study has significance in that it provides a chance for companies and auditors to divide transactions of purchase of raw materials and subcontracting transactions; think of the criteria for judgment; and think of the logic of revenue recognition of gross method and net method. Autovis Co., Ltd. with the main business of being supplied raw materials from ordering company and processing and delivering them judged the transactions of outsourcing processing contract as transactions of purchase of raw material and conducted an accounting of purchasing and sales as the base of the gross amount. The supervisory authority indicate that Autovis's relevant transactions were interpreted as transaction of purchase at a cost, so it was wrong to conduct accounting of the related revenue and cost of sales as gross amount. Subcontracting transaction refers to a transaction in which an ordering company supplies its raw material or semi-manufactures as it requests a toll processing business for outsourced processing. The type of subcontracting transaction can be divided into purchases free of charge and purchases at a cost. A transaction of purchase free of charge is a transaction in which an ordering company supplies raw materials free of charge and then after toll processing is completed at a manufacturer of parts, it pays a commission for the toll processing only. Thus, the ordering company takes the ownership of the raw materials provided throughout the beginning of the toll processing transaction to the end of it. In contrast, though with the same type of transaction, transaction of purchase at a cost refers to a transaction, in which the ordering company sells raw materials at a cost to the manufacturer of parts in supplying them and repurchase them after all outsourced processing is completed. However, since accounting judges ownership transfer according to the economic substantiality instead of the formal ownership transaction, all transactions of purchase at a cost are judged as the same as transactions of purchase free of charge. In the meantime, a transaction of purchase of raw materials, similar to transaction of purchase at a cost, means that an ordering company purchase and supply raw materials in place of a manufacturer of parts. Thus, the gross amount of purchase of raw materials may not be recognized as sales of the ordering company on the company accounting standards. However, the ordering company recognizes only purchase commissions as non-operating revenue. Autovis's outsourced processing contract is the result of the application of the gross method by transactions of purchase of raw materials and net method by transaction of purchase at a cost, which do not affect the company's net asset and net income. Simply, the issue is whether the size of the company was overstated in appropriation. To judge an outsourced processing contract as a transaction of purchase of raw materials, most risks and rewards according to the owning of the raw materials should be taken by the manufacturer of parts. Thus, specifically, to judge whether Autovis' outsourced processing contract transactions come under the transactions of purchase of raw materials, it is necessary to check if they meet the following conditions. First, whether the legal ownership of raw materials is completely transferred to the manufacturer of parts and the manufacturer of parts does not have a constraint in disposing the purchased raw materials. Second, whether the raw materials are sold at a fair price and there is a right to request a return for the raw materials or an arrangement of a re-sale at a fixed price. Third, whether practical additional processing of raw materials is made in the manufacturer of parts and it covers all expenses of risks according to physical damage to the raw materials. According to the evidence and claims judged by the company and auditors for the conditions, and a result of an investigation of the problems of judgment, Autovis's outsourced processing contract transactions are regarded as transaction of purchase at a cost, not the transactions of purchase of raw materials as in the result of audit by the supervisory institution, and thus, it is reasonable to conduct accounting with net method.

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