결여의 증언, 보편을 향한 투쟁 - 1960년대 비동맹 중립화 논의와 민족적 민주주의

초록

The middle of the 20the century saw the problem of vice focused on imperialism and colonialism. The 1955 Asia-Africa Conference's final statement made an important mention of the problem of vice. Asia and Africa mentioned human rights, freedom and independence regarding national self-determination, allowing the third world, including Asia and Africa, to exclusively own such Western universal values. This implies that the third world resisted imperialistic nations using the imperialistic language. This study examined South Korean society's discussions on the third world or non-aligned conference under the cold war system in the 1960s. South Korean society, under the post-Korean War Cold War system, took a wary attitude towards the Afro-Asian Conference also known as the Bandung Conference held in Bandung, Indonesia, in 1955. South Korea was not invited to the Bandung Conference. South Korea, embracing an anti-communist position, decided and criticized that China led the Bandung Conference. Unlike in the 1950s, in the 1960s, South Korean society expressed great interest in the trends of Third Worldism and nationalism. In the 1960s, intellectual writers, considering the ethical universality problems and political special problems, were expanding their imagination of an alternative world through the Bandung Conference. Such perception of the times in the 1960s were tried to be embodied by discussions of Hwang Yong-ju and Lee Byeong-ju. Hwang Yong-ju's article on The Strong Determination on Unified Government: Contents and Direction of Nationalistic Democracy, published in the November 1964 issue of Sedae, discussed non-aligned neutralism, which faced an indictment, is noteworthy. Hwang Yong-ju advocated nationalistic democracy, and criticized Western democracy. Hwang Yong-ju's indictment incident was part of the conflict of Cold War system and nationalistic democracy as the third world's nationalism was complicatedly mixed with the specificity of the divided Korea. Lee Byeong-ju's medium-length novel Alexandria contains noteworthy discussions. This work, run in the June 1965 issue of Sedae, received a great response from the readers. This work intended to construct a third-world utopia called Alexandria to express the critical perception of the reality of the divide Korea. In the 1960s, South Korean society, in the process of constructing unilateral order called the modernization of motherland, saw intellectual writers expanding their interest in Asian democracy or Third Worldism. In the 1960s, intellectual writers criticized the connection between the Western and European imperialism and the US-Russia Cold War System, and conducted diverse discussions on the reality of the divided Korea amid the changing international order. This is a part of efforts to form an Asian political space through the third world's alliances. In the 1960s, discussions on the non-aligned conference and Third Worldism are the historical contextualization of political space and thus are worth restoration and reconstruction. Such efforts offer an alternative exploration of the problems of divided Korea, among the reality of South-North Korea conflicts deepening.

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