공적이전소득의 빈곤 완화 효과: 지역별 격차와 가구주 특성을 중심으로

초록

The purpose of this study is to analyze the poverty alleviation effect of public income transfer in Korea from 2016 to 2020. The effects of the revised income maintenance policies under the Moon Jae-in government are indirectly evaluated by examining the poverty alleviation effects of the relative poverty rate and the poverty gap ratio of individual systems, focusing on regional disparities and household characteristics. To this end, this study compares the difference between the relative poverty rate and the poverty gap ratio between market income and current income using raw data for 2017-2021 of the ‘Household Financial Welfare Survey’ by the KOSTAT. As a result of the analysis, the quantitative and qualitative levels of poverty based on current income are being alleviated, confirming the positive effects of new policies and reforms. Although the regional disparity in poverty persists, the poverty alleviation effect is also greater in non-metropolitan areas. The effects of individual systems are heterogeneous according to gender or age which affects the status of the labor market. The vulnerable status of young people, the elderly, and women is observed, and the gender effect of social insurance and social assistance is also being highlighted. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the universal income maintenance system that is not related to current status or history of employment.

키워드