여성의 자녀양육 부담과 노년기 소득 - 누적적 (불)이익 이론을 기반으로 -

초록

This study aims to examine the effect of women’s childcare burden throughout life on income in old age. Especially, as the early-life characteristics are the starting point of (dis)advantage that systemically cumulates during life, this study examines how the childcare burden interacts with the early-life characteristics to determine economic differences among women in old age. We analyzed sequential mediating effects and moderated sequential mediating effects, using SPSS PROCESS Macro. As a result, the early-life characteristics can increase income in old age, through labor market status. However, the childcare burden can decrease these positive effects. It means the theory of cumulative dis/advantage is partially applied in women’s lives, and childcare burden is a major disadvantage in women’s life stage. Also, the women, who has low levels of education, keep a job in the labor market for a long time to make a living. Thus, a period of job retention can’t increase income in old age. Nevertheless, these negative effects increase with a high level of childcare burden. These results emphasize that childcare is an important matter affecting income in old age. Therefore, this study suggests that establishing a public security system reflecting the characteristics of women’s lives, recognizing the value of childcare, alleviating the childcare burden, and supplementing the labor market system are necessary for the preservation of one's income in old age.

키워드