한국의 소수자 인구, 인식, 인권사: 장애인, 이주민, 동성애자를 중심으로

초록

This study aimed to understand the demographic changes of people with disabilities, migrants, and homosexuals in South Korea, identify temporal trends in the levels of social intolerance and discrimination towards them, and review major events related to their human rights. Due to an aging society and the expansion of registrable disability categories, the population of people with disabilities has increased since the 1990s. The migrant population has also grown, primarily driven by the influx of migrant workers and marriage migration. There are no official statistics to estimate the homosexual population, thus we estimated the population based on previous studies conducted abroad. Using data from the ‘National Survey on Persons with Disabilities(2005-2020)’ and the ‘World Value Survey(1990-2018)’, we applied a linear probability model to estimate annual changes in the level of social intolerance and discrimination towards people with disabilities, migrants, and homosexuals. We found that perceived discrimination towards people with disabilities decreased by 1.22%p per year. Social intolerance towards migrants and homosexuals also decreased by 1.01%p and 0.65%p per year, respectively. Despite this decline, Korea ranked 6th in intolerance towards migrants and 1st in intolerance towards homosexuals among 16 OECD countries that participated in the 7th World Value Siarvey{2017-2022). We organized expert groups for each population, reviewed the history* of major events related to the human rights of each group, and added marks to the events involving legal or institutional changes. Since Korea’s democratization in the late 1980s，people with disabilities, migrants, and sexual minorities have become increasingly visible in society. Under this common backdrop, people with disabilities have achieved notable legal and institutional progress； in the case of migrants, efforts have focused on addressing human rights violations resulting from government-led immigration policies； and sexual minorities, including homosexuals, have mobilized to challenge institutional discrimination and increase visibility.

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