Artemisia extracts and phytochemicals inhibit glutamate-induced oxidative cell death and upregulate the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in HT22 neuronal cells

초록

BACKGROUND: Artemisia (Asteraceae) is a diverse genus of plants with ecological, economic, and therapeutic significance. Some species have been traditionally used for neuroprotection; however, their bioactive potential remains underexplored. OBJECTIVE: To identify Artemesia extracts and phytochemicals with neuroprotective effects that could provide alternative sources of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and therapeutics. METHODS: Twelve Artemisia extracts were tested for their neuroprotective effects, followed by phytochemical profiling and quantification using HPLC. Compounds with superior activity were subjected to western blot analysis. RESULTS: Pretreatment with Artemesia stolonifera, A. rubripes, A. sieversiana, A. keiskeana, A. scoparia, and A. annua (125 μg/mL) attenuated glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. The findings revealed a significant (p < 0.05) heterogeneity in the phytochemical profiles of the species. Among the evaluated compounds, rutin (5) significantly protected HT22 cells from glutamate-induced damage. Pretreatment with rutin (5) upregulated Nrf2 and HO-1. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings highlight the potential of Artemisia species as a source of bioactive chemicals in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and medicines. Further research on the bioactivity of these chemicals and the mechanisms responsible for their diversity could help develop cultivation strategies and potential medicinal applications. Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.

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