몽골 샤머니즘에 나타나는 색깔상징에 대한 일 고찰

초록

This study is about the Mongolian Shamanism and that of colour symbols. In the Mongolian society there are various characteristics of colour symbols. This is probably closely linked to the traditional nomadic way of life including the folk belief such as Mongolian Shamanism. In the meantime, Mongolian riddles often show that various colours are metaphorically used in daily life in Mongolia. Hence colour symbols in Mongolia are associated with every aspects of the Mongolian society. In this paper I look into colour symbols in Mongolian Shamanism from five different perspectives. Firstly, there are some colour symbols from the shamanic elements of life in living creatures such as blood, bone and flesh. Secondly, according to different traditions and practices, chiefly three distinctive Mongolian shamans are dividable by colours, for example black shamans, white shamans and yellow shamans. Thirdly, colour symbols are visible in the cosmological view of shamanic world. Fourthly, various ongod (ancestral spirits or guardian spirits) which are served by Mongolian shamans provide colour symbols. Lastly, colour symbols are also found by examining Mongolian shamans' cloth, ceremonial tools, food, decoration, etc. There are five main colours in the Mongolian Shamanism, that is black, blue, red, white and yellow. In addition to this five colours, green is also visible at the shamanic rituals in Mongolia. These six colours are revealed in diverse contexts in the Mongolian Shamanism. For example, in some contexts, white colour symbolizes good deeds such as healing whereas black colour symbolizes evil deeds such as imprecation. Also yellow colour is very much connected into Lama Buddhism in many ways. It is clear that there are many other aspects on colour symbols concerning the Mongolian Shamanism are waiting for further folkloric research. Above of all, it remains a pressing matter to collect and analyse systematic materials on colour symbols of the Mongolian Shamanism both by carrying out field research in Mongolia as well as by reviewing all kinds of written documents.

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