The Heterogeneous Effects of Shadow Education on SAT Scores

초록

As many prior studies have pointed out, private shadow education, which includes commercial coaching and one-on-one tutoring, has important implications for educational opportunity and the process of social stratification. In this study, I analyze the heterogeneous effects of private shadow education on SAT scores by individual likelihood of participation using the Educational Longitudinal Study 2002. The key finding of this study is that the effects of shadow education are substantively different across propensity strata and that its effects increase as the propensity to participate in shadow education increases. That is, those who are more likely to use shadow education, who are socioeconomically advantaged and possess higher educational capital, benefit more from shadow education than those who are less likely to use it. Moreover, use of public resources neither alleviates the effects of shadow education nor changes the pattern of the heterogeneous effects of shadow education based on likelihood of use.

키워드