ScholarWorks@중앙대학교

초록

Purpose This study introduces an efficient piezoelectric wind energy harvester with an optimized configuration that exploits the synergy between wake-induced and wake-interference galloping. The objective is to enhance energy output and clarify the mechanisms governing synergistic and anti-synergistic interactions among bluff bodies. Methods Full-factorial experiments are performed for various upstream–downstream configurations. A two-way fluid–structure–electrical framework is developed, enabling two finite-element schemes to exchange data via user-defined functions. Based on the extended Hamilton principle, a coupled model is formulated, modal-discretized, and iteratively solved to convergence. Results The optimal setup yields 5.29 mW at 10 m/s and an averaged power density of 0.4041 mW/cm³, outperforming conventional wake-galloping energy harvesters. Simulations agree closely with experiments, validating the proposed framework. Finite-time Lyapunov analyses clarify vortex behaviors and reveal both synergistic and anti-synergistic wake-galloping configurations. Conclusion The performance of the proposed system can be improved through configurations that promote constructive bluff-body interactions, such as lateral shear confinement or alternating vortex shedding, thereby amplifying unsteady responses and enhancing energy harvesting. Conversely, anti-synergistic effects occur under excessive blockage or flow confinement, suppressing coherent vortex evolution and reducing wake intensity. These insights provide guidance for designing advanced energy harvesters utilizing wake-galloping mechanisms.

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