빈곤의 측정과 규모에 관한 연구

초록

This study empirically assesses the different types of poverty measures. Absolute income poverty measure was constructed based on the official poverty line of National Basic Livelihood Security Act. Five relative thresholds, such as 40%, 50%, 60% of the median household disposable income, 50% of the mean household disposable income, and 50% of the median medical out of pocket(MOOP) subtracted income have been used for the relative income poverty measures. Part of the assessment involves comparing these measures with alternative measures, such as consumption poverty measure, subjective poverty measure, and nonincome hardship or deprivation indicators. The analysis using the data of Korea Welfare Panel Study (2005) is followed by a look at the poverty across demographic and regional groups-gender, age, education level, employment status, and region. The results show that poverty rate is the highest when using the relative poverty measure based on 60% of the median household disposable income(25.6%) and the lowest when using the consumption poverty measure(13.9%). The official absolute poverty measure used here is about 14.2%. Relative poverty measure based on 50% of the median household income, subjective poverty measure, and poverty measure using the deprivation index are similar at close to 20%. And, female headed, elderly, low educated, and unemployed household relatively made up a larger proportion of the poverty population. This study did not try to prove that any of these measures are unreasonable, nor that one is clearly much superior to the others. However, this study does provide some reason to examine various types of poverty measures and synthesize them.

키워드