Highly compact rotational triboelectric nanogenerator for self-powered BLE operation and self-rechargeable system

초록

This study presents a compact, disc-shaped bicycle-wheel triboelectric nanogenerator (BW-TENG) that employs a four-layer, phase-compensated stack to maximize electrical output from rotational motion. Polyimide (PI), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are identified as promising materials for achieving optimal mechanical and electrical properties during rotation. Among these, PI exhibited the highest performance in harvesting rotational energy through a BW-TENG. Experimental results demonstrated that stacking up to four layers of the BW-TENG unit, each individually optimized, proportionally enhanced the electrical output. The study highlights the necessity of a charge compensation design for achieving such improvements, with the optimized multi-stack configuration generating 330 VRMS and 168 μARMS at 400 revolutions per minute (RPM) under a contact force of 1 N. When operated at 400 RPM with a load resistance of 1 MΩ, the optimized multi stack BW-TENG achieved an root-mean-square (RMS) output power of 23 mW. The compact, multi-layer-compensated design directly powers a battery-less Bluetooth Low-Energy (BLE) and illuminates sixteen red LEDs when embedded in a bicycle wheel, thereby serving as a quantitative figure of merit for rotational TENGs and offering a practical route to self-powered electronics. © 2025

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