조선후기 가좌동 禁松契의 운영과 기능 －경기 양성현 「禁松契座目」을 중심으로－

초록

The Joseon Dynasty had set the Bongsan (prohibited forest) all over the country and reinforced Geumsong policy (the Pine Trees Protection Policy), protecting pine trees from the beginning of the dynasty. For this policy, people had difficulty in finding necessary wood for their daily life and village communities also had faced the same problem. In order to resolve the difficulties, village society had operated Song-gye (pine trees association) or Geumsong-gye (the pine trees protection association) to secure necessary wood. In the case of one or several villages participating in those organizations, it performed the role of Hyang-yak (village compact) or Dong-gye (village gye) as well. This thesis analyzes Gajwa-dong's Geumsong-gye, based on the Jwamok (position list) of Gajwa-dong's Geumsong-gye written from the 18th to 19th century. Though the review of documentation dates and the time of the execution, I verified that Gajwa-dong's Geumsong-gye had been organized and executed since the 18th century. Gajwa-dong's Geumsong-gye also had experienced the increasing demands of wood in village communities by concentrating population and the product distribution toward Gyeonggi regions. In addition, it was directly affected by the prevalence of Songchu (planting pine trees and wild-walnut trees around Tombs) and Jakbeol (cutting trees), and the destruction of forests. As the reason, Geumsong-gye had been carried out in their village as a self-effort to overcome the realistic difficult situation in Gajwa-dong. Gajwa-dong's Geumsong-gye had already operated mainly centering Jeonju Lee clan and Suseong Choi clan settled down since the 16th century, showing combined code of three levels, such as upper and middle, and lower association. Especially Gajwa-dong's Geumsong-gye had autonomously been operated in accordance with its own characteristics of their community as other region. Furthermore, Gajwa-dong's Geumsong-gye had taken a role and showed the function to protect public forest and ancestor’s cemetery, other Song-gye or Geumsong-gye generally possessing. On the other hand, it had carried out social function, such as community reciprocal jurisdiction and powerful local family's village controlling.

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