Angle-insensitive coloration in translucent perovskite solar cells employing oxide/metal/oxide multipair-configuration electrodes

초록

The increasing demand for solar energy, driven by the climate crisis and carbon neutrality goals, underscores the critical importance of aesthetics in solar panel integration across diverse environments, such as building-integrated photovoltaics. This study addresses this need by developing angle-insensitive coloration for translucent perovskite-colored solar cells (TPCSCs) to enhance both functionality and consumer appeal. By engineering oxide/metal/oxide (OMO) multilayer structures, we achieved consistent coloration regardless of the viewing angle, overcoming a major challenge in colored solar cell technology. Specifically, ZnO:Al/Ag/ZnO:Al-based OMO layers were meticulously optimized to balance visual appeal with photovoltaic efficiency. Our results demonstrate exceptional angular stability, with negligible color shifts observed even at viewing angles exceeding 60°, significantly surpassing the limitations of previous designs, which exhibited sensitivity at 40°. The OMO electrodes exploited distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) properties to amplify interference effects and utilized delocalized plasmonic modes and metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) cavity resonances to achieve vibrant colors. Advanced 3-pair OMO transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) exhibited stable, angle-insensitive blue coloration, and the resulting translucent perovskite solar cell achieved a record-high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.25 % and an average transmittance of 15.23 %, maintaining consistent coloration up to a 60° viewing angle. Additionally, the optoelectronic control layer (OCL) thickness was fine-tuned to precisely target specific wavelengths, enabling a versatile spectrum of colors, including blue, green, yellowish-green, orange, and peach. This pioneering approach not only ensures color fidelity but also enhances the reflectance properties of TPCSCs. By integrating aesthetic and functional advancements, our research makes a significant contribution to the development of sustainable energy solutions for future smart cities. © 2025

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