러시아어 타동사의 자동사화에 대한 고찰: -SJA 재귀동사를 중심으로

초록

This study investigates the process of detransitivization of transitive verbs in Russian. Transitive verbs, being two-place verbs, have external and internal arguments, while intransitive verbs have one external argument. The derivation of passive, antipassive, anticausative, and middle constructions presupposes transitivity within the functional projection of little vP, which is closely related to agentive theta-role and accusative case assignment in syntactic operations. Reflexive postfix –sja in Russian plays an important role in discarding transitivity, that is, Russian postfix –sja is employed to make passive, anticausative, antipassive, and middle constructions. Consequently, the Russian reflexive postfix –sja is syncretic in function and meaning. Intransitive verbs divides into two groups: unergative and unaccusative. Pure reflexives indicating self-reflexives and reciprocals, antipassive belong to unergarive group whereas passive, anticausative, and middle belong to unaccusative. Russian passives are formed from imperfective verbs with the assistance of reflexive postfix –sja and from perfective verbs with the analytic form of 'быть+past passive participle'. As English middles, Russian middles are interpreted into generic reading and potential reading, but not episodic reading. Russian middles are also formulated by reflexive postfix –sja, which is utilized to make anticausative, passive, and antipassive. Russian middles belong to type II that morphological marking is used for middles. Moreover, they also have the characteristics of type I, which requires the mandatory use of adverbs, so-called, adverbial middles. The structure of Russian middels is [S VMIDDLE+SJA *(ADV) )(*NPINSTR)], which is different from the structure of unergative of [S VUNERGATIVE+SJA (ADV) (*NPINSTR)]. Anticausative is a type of verb which also decreases the valency of argument structure by removing CAUSER argument, which can be optionally used by 'ot+NP'. In this case, NP msut be EVENT type NP, but not ENTITY type NP. Antipassive is also formed with postfix –sja. This research encompasses the analysis on syntactic and semantic structure of detransitivized intransitives from transitive verbs, typological study, and language-universals & specifics on passive, anticausative, antipassive, and middle constructions from a perspective of morphology, syntax, and semantics.

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