질적 공리주의에 있어서 ‘능숙한 판단자(competent judges)’의 자질

초록

The purpose of this article is to explore the capability and roles of the competent judge, who judges pleasure and the qualitative differences in pleasure, which are the core themes of qualitative utilitarianism. In particular, the fifth paragraph of Chapter 2 of J. S. Mill's Utilitarianism describes the qualitative difference of pleasure, that is, making one pleasure more valuable than other pleasures, how to distinguish between higher pleasure and lower pleasure, and the role of a competent judge. However, this paragraph is so ambiguous, even for experts on J.S. Mill and researchers of qualitative utilitarianism, that it is accompanied by various interpretations and views. Depending on these various interpretations and views, not only the qualitative difference of pleasure, but also the quality and role of the competent judges who judge the differences vary. In order to more clearly define the qualities or roles of competent judges close to qualitative utilitarianism, we will closely examine the three views of the qualitative differences of pleasure: standard views, non-standard views, and semi-standard views, and we will analyze the qualities of competent judges according to each view. A competent judge, suitable for the intention of Mill and qualitative utilitarianism regarding the fifth paragraph of Chapter 2 of J.S Mill's Utilitarianism, must fully understand the qualitative difference of pleasure and have the capability to choose higher pleasure. Furthermore, the competent judge is a competent utilitarian who prefers higher pleasure based on which pleasure contributes to more happiness.

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