식량농업식물유전자원국제조약의 접근 및 이익공유에 관한 다자체제 개정의 핵심쟁점과 논의동향

초록

In 2001, the FAO concluded the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculutire for the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture and the fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of their use, in harmony with the Convention on Biological Diversity, for sustainable agriculture and food security. ITPGRFA also established the Multilateral System to facilitate access to PGRFA and to share, in a fair and equitable way, the benefits arising from the utilization of 64 crops listed in Annex 1, and introduced a comprehensive authorization system instead of an individual prior informed consent system found in Nagoya Protocol. In the furtherance of this end, the Governing Body of ITPGRFA, in 2013, established Ad Hoc Open-ended Working Group to Enhance the Functioning of its Multilateral System (MLS) and reached tentative compromise to amend Annex I of the Treaty (list of crops in the MLS), to include all plant genetic resources for food and agriculture under the management and control of parties and in the public domain, in ex situ conditions, while allowing for reasoned national exemptions regarding a limited number of native species. The Working Group also agreed on a package of measures, also known as the growth plan, which simultaneously adopts the revised Standard Material Transfer Agreement (SMTA) and the amendment of Annex I. Negotiations continued on the draft revised SMTA. Consensus was reached on several provisions, with genetic sequence data (also addressed as digital sequence information) and rates for benefit-sharing payments remaining as the main outstanding issues. However, this tentative consensus failed to find its version due to the lack of common understanding of Digital Sequence Data. This paper analyses the Core Issues and Negotiation Trend for Amending the Multilateral System under International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture and its negotiation trend.

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