State-of-the-art in ZnS-based nanoarchitects for visible-light photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics and organic dyes

초록

Heterostructures incorporating narrow-bandgap metal sulphides, such as ZnS semiconductors, have emerged as promising components in photoelectrochemical devices and efficient visible light-active photocatalysts. This review comprehensively examines the application of modified, cost-effective ZnS-based nanostructures for the photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants, including antibiotics and dyes, into less toxic compounds through oxidation. Despite significant advancements, challenges persist, including ZnS's wide band gap that restricts its efficiency under visible and infrared light, as well as issues related to scalability and stability. Key methods that have enhanced ZnS photocatalytic activity include metal/non-metal doping, dye sensitization, and manipulation of defect surfaces. Doping adjusts ZnS's band gap, improving its responsiveness to visible light, while surface defects and semiconductor coupling enhance electron (e−) transport and light-harvesting efficiency. Dye sensitization offers an additional pathway for visible light photocatalysis. ZnS quantum dots (QDs) exhibit rapid degradation under ultraviolet (UV) light and complete degradation under visible light. Additionally, metal-doped ZnS nanostructures, including transition metal-doped nanoparticles and novel nano-heterostructures, show promise for efficient dye degradation. The review highlights recent improvements and insights into ZnS-based photocatalysts, addressing current limitations and suggesting further research to optimize these materials for practical environmental remediation applications.

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