‘기생관광’: 발전국가와 젠더, 포스트식민 조우

초록

This paper seeks to analyze Japanese sex tourism called ‘gisaeng tourism’ from a postcolonial feminist perspective, exploring the meaning of tourism, particularly during 1960s and 1970s in the developmental state, South Korea. From immediately after a military coup, Park, Chung-hee’s military junta set out to make foundations of tourism policy and industry for the purpose of gaining foreign currency. However, because of lack of the industrial knowhow and the fundamental resources, Park’s regime adopted ‘sex’ as a crucial means to forster tourism. It could be possible with the contradictory policy of prostitution: prohibition and regulation. Futhermore, It became to realize through double boundaries of gender order and national order. ‘Gisaeng’ tourism was a place where imperial man(Japanese man), woman of a colony(Korean woman), and man of a colony(Korean man) met each other doubly and triply. In this sense, ‘gisaeng’ tourism was a post-colonial encountering. First, ‘gisaeng’ tourism was a gendered and eroticized encountering between masculinized tourist and feminized tourist site. Second, ‘gisaeng’ tourism implicated colonizer’s nostalgia to recall a signifier of the colonized time and place, ‘gisaeng.’ Ironically, Korean men, who mainly mediated the encountering between the colonizer, Japanese men and the colonized, women, and between the postcolonial present and the colonized past, reinscribed their own locationality as the colonized. And third, to overcome the double ironies, the Korean government embellished ‘gisaeng’ tourism as a “sound sightseeing” to reconstruct a strong masculinity of Korean men and to recover national pride.

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